You can color/effect certain portions of the sprites in the following ways:
1. (expert), create an effect shader yourself that either uses a mask to target the effect (could be its own texture), or a use colorLUT based on index and generate the mask from there. Afaik, this method wonʻt be very scaleable, as it combines multiple shaders in one and isnʻt ideal on the programming side.
However, it will result in the easiest editor side work. I donʻt think you can reference other shaders in a shader in construct, that would be ideal if you could. You need to obviously know your way around shaders to go this route.
2. Create your base sprite (as you have) then Create an additional sprite out of the areas you want to specifically effect with the shader and apply the effect to those that object. It should have the same number of frames, etc, as the parent sprite. You can then either pin, or manually move the effect sprite to always match position with the parent. Or you can use object Hierarchies, whichever is easier for your project. You can split up an object like this into many different parts with many different effects.