what's the common name for...

this parts; (in your language - please name the language as well)?

in german it's 'Bauklötze'

Building blocks? Building wood blocks? That's what I would call them.

I'd say "wooden building blocks" is the common English term.

Or "crud my parents were too cheap to even get Duplo's".

In italian "Costruzioni di legno"... but there were a specific name, at the moment I can't remember... also here they were the cheap version of Duplo.