Not sure whether this is even worth raising a bug for - but it took me several hours to track down, so I thought I'd document here just in case anyone else sees this error when trying to build an xcode project:
ERROR: Failed to load texture: Error: fetch 'app://localhost/images/shared-0-sheet0.webp' response returned 404
Turns out that if you have just a folder named "Images" (with a capital "I") that contains an image and a regular sprite in a project, the sprite's texture won't load with the above error.