Global layers wouldn't work for this because in the editor they are effectively the same as the source, making any changes to them is actually changing the source, which propagates the change to all other global layers with the same name. That would be the same for the sub layers, assuming you could edit them directly, I decided not to allow that because of a potential plethora of problems. If you open the layout where the source global layer exists you can edit the sub layers and the changes are propagated to all other relevant layouts.
What you are describing is different though, we would need some kind of new system to define a template of layers, which when used in a layout, all the layers in the template would be created, essentially acting as a shortcut to creating all those layers manually. Then editing the template would somehow update all the "real" corresponding layers in each layout, that would include adding, removing, renaming and sorting layers.
Sounds like a massive feature :)
Edit: Maybe not massive, but larger than it seems for sure.